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Subaru EJ engine
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Subaru EJ engine
Manufacturer Subaru
Production 1988 – present
Predecessor Subaru EA engine
Successor Subaru FB engine
Valvetrain DOHC/SOHC
Fuel type Petrol/gasoline
The Subaru EJ engine is a series of automotive engines manufactured by Subaru and introduced in 1989. The EJ series is the mainstay of Subaru's engine line, with all engines of this series being 16 valve flat-4 horizontal, with configurations available for single-, or double-overhead camshaft arrangements (SOHC or DOHC). Naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions are available, ranging from around 120 horsepower in early non-turbo Legacies, to 320 horsepower in the Impreza WRX STI. These engines are commonly used in light aircraft, kit cars and engine swaps into air cooled Volkswagens, but it's also popular as a swap into the wasserboxer engined Volkswagen Type 2. Primary engineering on the EJ series was done by Masayuki Kodama, Takemasa Yamada and Shuji Sawafuji of Fuji Heavy Industries, Subaru's parent company.

Table of Contents1 EJ15
1.1 Specifications
2 EJ16
2.1 Specifications
3 EJ18
3.1 Specifications
4 EJ20
4.1 Specifications
5 EJ20 Turbocharged
5.1 EJ20T
5.1.1 EJ20G
5.1.2 EJ20K
5.1.3 EJ205
5.1.4 EJ207
5.2 EJ20TT
5.2.1 EJ20H
5.2.2 EJ20R
5.2.3 EJ206
5.2.4 EJ208
6 EJ22
6.1 Specifications
6.2 EJ22 Enhancements and Improvements
6.3 EJ22E
6.4 EJ22T
6.5 EJ22G
7 EJ25
7.1 EJ25D
7.2 EJ251
7.3 EJ252
7.4 EJ253
7.5 EJ254
7.6 EJ255
7.7 EJ257
8 Subaru Formula One Flat-12
9 Other Data
10 Awards
11 Notes
12 References


EJ15
Usage:
Impreza GC1 series (JDM)Replaced by Subaru EL engine in 2006 GD, GG, GE & GH series (JDM) Impreza.
Specifications
Displacement: 1493 cc
Bore: 85.0 mm
Stroke: 65.8 mm
Compression Ratio: 9.4:1 - 10.0
Valvetrain: SOHC
Fuel Delivery multi point fuel injection
EJ151
Horsepower: 97 PS (71 kW; 96 bhp) @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 129.4 N·m (95 lb·ft) @ 3600 rpm
EJ152
Horsepower: 102 PS (75 kW; 101 bhp) @ 5600 rpm
Torque: 136.3 N·m (101 lb·ft) @ 4000 rpm
EJ153
Horsepower: 95 PS (70 kW; 94 bhp) @ 5200 rpm
Torque: 140.2 N·m (103 lb·ft) @ 3600 rpm
EJ154
Horsepower: 100 PS (74 kW; 99 bhp) @ 5200 rpm
Torque: 142.0 N·m (105 lb·ft) @ 4000 rpm
EJ16
Usage:
Impreza 93-94 (JDM only) GC4 series
Impreza 93-06 (Europe & Middle East)
Impreza 93-97 (Australia)
Specifications
Displacement: 1597 cc
Bore: 87.9 mm
Stroke: 65.8 mm
Compression Ratio: 9.4:1 - 10.0:1
Valvetrain: SOHC
Fuel Delivery mpfi (carburetor in some locations)
EJ16
Horsepower: 100 PS (74 kW; 99 bhp) @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 138.3 N·m (102 lb·ft) @ 4500 rpm
EJ18
Usage:
Impreza 93-99 GC6 series
Legacy (except USA) 90-96 BC2, BC3, BD2, BD3, BG3 series
Isuzu Aska (1990–1993)
Specifications
Displacement: 1820 cc
Bore: 87.9 mm
Stroke: 75.0 mm
Compression Ratio: 9.5:1 - 9.7:1
Valvetrain: SOHC
Fuel Delivery single point fuel injection
EJ181
Horsepower: 110 PS (81 kW; 108 bhp) @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 149.1 N·m (110 lb·ft) @ 3200 rpm
EJ182
Horsepower: 115 PS (85 kW; 113 bhp) @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 154.0 N·m (114 lb·ft) @ 4500 rpm
EJ183
Horsepower: 120 PS (88 kW; 118 bhp) @ 5600 rpm
Torque: 163.8 N·m (121 lb·ft) @ 3600 rpm
EJ20
(Japanese: Subaru EJ20)
Specifications
Displacement: 1994 cc
Bore: 92.0 mm
Stroke: 75.0 mm
EJ20D DOHC naturally aspirated
Legacy JDM
1989-1999 150 hp (110 kW) BC - BF and BD - BG series
EJ20E SOHC naturally aspirated
Legacy JDM
1989-1994 125 hp (93 kW) BC - BF series
1993-1999 135 hp (101 kW) BD - BG series
1998-2004 155 hp (116 kW) BE - BH series
2003-2009 140 hp (100 kW) BL - BP series
Impreza JDM
1993-1999 135 hp (101 kW) GC - GF series
2008-current 140 hp (100 kW) GH series
Isuzu Aska (1990–1993)
1989-1994 125 hp (93 kW)
EJ202 SOHC naturally aspirated
Forester JDM SG series
2003-2008
EJ204 DOHC naturally aspirated AVCS
Legacy JDM BL - BP series
2003-2009 190 hp (140 kW)
Impreza JDM GC - GF series
1993-1999 155 hp (116 kW)
EJ20N runs on compressed natural gas
EJ20 Turbocharged
All engines listed below were installed with a turbo and an intercooler
EJ20T
This is not actually a valid code from Subaru, but is mostly used by enthusiasts and also mechanics to describe the entire line of 2.0 litre turbocharged engines that have been available over time. The practice began with the incorrect designation of the USA-spec turbo, commonly referred to as the EJ22T, and the habit of referring to any turbocharged engine as a "T" began. When referring to the EJ20T, one is speaking of one of the following:
EJ20G
EJ20G engines fall in to 3 categories: Rocker-style HLA EJ20G usage:
Legacy RS 89-93
Legacy RS-RA 89-93
Legacy GT 89-93
Power output ranges from 200 PS @ 6000 rpm and 260 Nm for the GT to 220 PS @ 6400 rpm and 270 Nm for the RS versions. Engines can be identified by coil on plug with 2 M6 bolts per coil and valve covers with 4CAM 16VALVE and horizontal lines above and below the plug holes. All these engines have the air-to-water intercooler setup (chargecooler) and Oil squirters.
Bucket-style HLA EJ20G usage:
Impreza WRX 92~96
Impreza WRX Wagon 92~96
Impreza WRX STI 93~96
EUDM Subaru Impreza Turbo 94~96
Power output ranges from 220 PS @ 6000 rpm and 260 Nm for the WRX Wagons to 275 PS @ 6500 rpm and 319 Nm for the WRX STI Version II. Engines can be identified by coil on plug with 1 M8 bolt per coil and valve covers with 4CAM 16VALVE and horizontal lines above the plug holes. Generally these engines all have the slanted intercooler. Some engines may not have HLA buckets but solid buckets with shims underneath. These engines also feature lighter valves, the intake valves are marked INKO and the exhaust valves are marked EXKO. The standard HLA valves are I252 and E283 respectively. All WRX Wagon engines and automatic sedan engines came with a TD04 with 90 deg elbow, all manual WRX sedans including STI versions all had a TD05 with 90 deg elbow. Shim-over-bucket style EJ20G usage:
Impreza WRX AT 97~98
Impreza WRX AT Wagon 97~98
JDM Forester Turbo 97~98
EUDM Subaru Impreza Turbo 97~98
Power output is 250 PS @ 6000 rpm for the Japanese versions and 211 PS for the European model. Engines can be identified by smooth valve covers, plug leads and a wasted spark coil in the middle of the intake manifold. These engines were available with both manual and automatic transmission in Japan, but generally had manual tranmissions in Europe in the Impreza Turbo.
EJ20K
to identify an EJ20K
Wasted spark coil pack on center of manifold
Inlet under manifold
Divorced idle air controller
Usage:
Impreza WRX & STi 9/96~9/98
EJ205
This engine series is used for non-Japanese marketed WRX models in the world market as of 1999. The Japanese WRX models use the EJ207 from 1999~2001, except the 5-door wagon which also uses the EJ205. After 2001, all WRXs use the EJ205, with an exception of the USDM models, which used the EJ205 until 2005. The EJ205 has a 8:1 compression ratio.
To identify an EJ205:
Coil on plug*
idle air integrated into throttle body
open deck block
Usage: Impreza WRX
99~01 (JDM Wagon Body only)
01~current (all JDM)including Forester Cross Sports and STI (9:1 compression ratio)
02~05 (USDM)
99~current (all other markets)
NOTE: The Australian Spec MY00 EJ205 does not have coil on plug but can be identified from the VIN of the vehicle (if known)where the 10th digit will be Y (for year 2000) and the 6th Digit will be 8 (for the 2000yr/EJ205)
EJ207
The EJ207 has a 8.0:1 compression ratio.
To identify an 9/99-9/2000 EJ207
Wasted spark coil pack off center of manifold
Inlet under manifold
Red intake manifold
Semi-closed deck block
Usage:
Impreza WRX STi 1998~present (JDM, specifically Homologation models for World Rally Championship)

2.0L Quad Cam Twin-turbo from JDM 1996 Subaru Legacy GTEJ20TT
This can refer to one of the 2.0 Litre DOHC Sequential Twin Turbo and intercooled engines (EJ20H/EJ20R/EJ206/EJ208), yet like EJ20T, it is not actually a valid code used by Subaru themselves. Used from 1994-2005 in various iterations listed below. Due to the tight confines of the engine bay, the twin turbo engine was installed in Japanese-spec Legacies only, which were right-hand drive. A detuned version was sold in Australia[1]. Twin turbo vehicles can be found as grey market imports to countries that utilize right hand drive.
EJ20H
Usage:
1993-1998 Legacy chassis code BD/BG5 JDM RS, RS-B and GT's ( 183 kW (249 PS; 245 bhp) manual & automatic) and auto RS-B and GT-B's (206 kW (280 PS; 276 bhp) automatic)
EJ20R
Usage:
1996-1998 Legacy chassis code BD/BG5 JDM manual RS-B and GT-B's (206 kW (280 PS; 276 bhp) Manual)
EJ206
Usage:
1998-2003 Legacy chassis code BE/BH5 JDM GT's, GT-B's and B4's (185 kW (252 PS; 248 bhp) Auto)
EJ208
Usage:
1998-2003 Legacy chassis code BE/BH5 JDM GT's, GT-B's and B4's (206 kW (280 PS; 276 bhp) Manual)
EJ22
Usage:
Impreza 95-01
Legacy 90-99, Outback 95-99
Specifications
Displacement: 2212 cc
Bore: 96.9 mm
Stroke: 75.0 mm
Compression Ratio: 9.5:1 - 9.7:1
Valvetrain: SOHC
Fuel Delivery multi-point fuel injection
EJ221 Naturally Aspirated
Horsepower: 135 PS (99 kW; 133 bhp) @ 5800 rpm
Torque: 186.3 N·m (137 lb·ft) @ 4800 rpm
EJ222 Naturally Aspirated
Horsepower: 142 bhp (106 kW; 144 PS) @ 5600 rpm
Torque: 149 lb·ft (202 N·m) @ 3600 rpm
EJ22 Enhancements and Improvements
Beginning in the 1997 Model Year, the 2.2 liter engine for 1997 Legacy and Impreza models has had internal and external changes that yield an approximately 10% increase in power and 3% increase in fuel economy. Accomplishing this involves many factors, one of which is engine friction reduction. The piston, a major source of engine friction, has been coated with molybdenum to reduce friction. This thin coating not only allows smoother travel through the cylinder, but also reduces cylinder wall scuffing. The skirt of the piston has been reshaped and the overall weight has been reduced by approximately 100 grams. Compression ratio has been increased to 9.7 to 1 by reshaping the crown of the piston. This eliminates the clearance that was available between the piston at TDC and the fully opened valve. Piston pin offset has been changed to 0.5 mm (0.0 in). Piston to cylinder wall clearance has been reduced by increasing the piston diameter. Another source of high engine friction is the valve train. Hydraulic lash adjusters (HLAs) are always in contact with the valves. The hydraulic pressure of the lash adjuster must be overcome during operation and during the most critical time of engine start. To overcome this situation and to contribute to the total reduction of friction loss, 1997 and later SOHC engines have solid valve adjusters. The scheduled service of this valve train is set at 100,000 miles (160,000 km). SOHC engines now use an adjustment screw to adjust valve clearance. The roller rocker cam follower system that was introduced on the 1.8L Impreza engines, is installed on all 1995 model year and later 2.2 liter engines. The roller assemblies are not serviceable separately, but the rocker arms may be serviced as individual units. The carbon composition head gaskets with integrated o-rings are interchangeable from left to right on 1990 to 1994 N/A engines only. Other Engine Modifications (2.2L 1997) The intake manifold has been reshaped to increase the airflow mass and speed, contributing to improved low and mid engine speed operation. Components located on the intake manifold have been relocated as compared to the 1996 models. EGR Solenoid, Purge Control Solenoid, etc. 1999 2.2 Liter Phase 2 Engine Enhancements (from endwrench article H-4 and H-6 service): All 2.2 liter engine for 1999 are the Phase 2 design. The 2.2 liter Phase 2 engines are a SOHC design, with a newly-designed cylinder head. Changes in the 2.2 liter Phase 2 engines are as follows:
The engine and transmission are fastened with six bolts and two studs.
The thrust bearing has been moved to the number 5 position.
The oil groove in the number 1 and 3 have been changed to supply additional lubrication to the crank journal.
Additional Phase 2 Engine Features
The cylinder head is a two-rocker shaft, solid type valve system with roller followers.
The valves are positioned at a larger angle than previous model years. The intake valves are positioned 23 degrees off-center with the exhaust valves positioned 20 degrees off-center. Prior model year engines utilized a 15-degree positioning angle.
Head gasket thickness is 0.7 mm (0.0 in).
The intake rocker arms are marked so they are correctly placed on the rocker shaft when servicing. An IN1 or IN2 will be embossed on each rocker arm. As viewed from the front of the engine the Number 1 intake valve of ach cylinder and the number 2 intake valve have an IN1 marked and IN2 arked rocker arm that mates with it. New IN1 rocker arms can also be identified by a Green painted mark on the top of the rocker arm. The IN2 rocker arms have a white mark. Proper positioning is maintained through the use of a wave washer located between the rocker shaft arm and rocker arm shaft support.
The camshaft is secured to the cylinder head with the camcase. An oil passage in the cylinder head provides the passageway in the camcase with oil that leads to the intake rocker shaft. Oil from the camshaft is collected on the opposite side of the passageway leading to the intake rocker shaft to provide oil to the exhaust rocker shaft.
Note: Cylinder head and camcase must be replaced together (line bored).
The sparkplug pipe is pressed into the cylinder head and is not serviceable.
If it becomes damaged the cylinder head must be replaced. The seals installed onto the ends of the sparkplug pipes seal against the valve covers and should be replaced when the valve cover is removed.
Pistons on the 2.2 liter engines have a 0.5 mm (0.0 in) offset with the engine having a compression ratio of 10.0 to 1. The horsepower has increased to 142 hp (106 kW) @ 5600 rpm. Maximum torque is 149 lb·ft (202 N·m) @ 3600 rpm.
Camshaft sprockets are constructed of a resin type material with a metal key pressed into the sprocket for maintaining proper sprocket to shaft orientation.
EJ22E
2.2 litre

AUDM Subaru EJ22E135 bhp (101 kW) @ 5800 rpm 140 ft·lbf (190 N·m) @ 4800 rpm Australian model - 100 kW (130 hp) @ 6000 rpm 189 N·m (139 ft·lbf) @ 4800 rpm Usage:
Legacy 90-96
Impreza 93-97
EJ22T
Phase one 2.2 Liter SOHC Turbo, 163 bhp (122 kW; 165 PS) fully closed deck, oil squirters, no intercooler
Legacy 1991-1994 (North American-spec)
EJ22G
Phase two 2.2 litre closed deck
Displacement: 2212 cc
Bore: 96.9 mm
Stroke: 75.0 mm
Compression Ratio: 8.0:1
Valvetrain: DOHC
Fuel Delivery multi point fuel injection
EJ22G Turbo DOHC
Horsepower: 280 PS (206 kW; 276 bhp) @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 362.8 N·m (268 lb·ft) @ 3200 rpm
Usage:
Impreza STi 22B GC8 series(JDM)
Legacy STi BF7 and BFB series wagon (JDM)
EJ25
Displacement: 2457 cc
Bore: 99.5 mm
Stroke: 79.0 mm
Compression Ratio: 9.5:1 - 10.0:1 Naturally Aspirated
Compression Ratio: 8.0:1 - 9.5:1 Turbo
Fuel Delivery multi point fuel injection
EJ25D
The EJ25D has demonstrated leaking head gasket issues on occasion. There were (at least) two variations of the EJ25D sold in the US market. The engine was introduced in 1996 in the Legacy 2.5GT and LSi and Legacy Outback. That version of the engine used HLA heads, was recommended to be run on 91 octane fuel, had lower power and torque ratings than the later '97-99 EJ25D, and was only offered with an automatic transmission. In 1997 a revised engine was introduced that used heads with shimmed bucket lifters (versus the HLAs), was designed to run on 87 octane fuel, and was available with either a manual or automatic transmission.
DOHC (1996) - SAE - 155 hp (116 kW) @ 5600 rpm
140 ft·lbf (190 N·m) at 2800 rpm
DOHC (1997–1999) - SAE - 165 hp (123 kW) @ 5600 rpm
162 ft·lbf (220 N·m) at 4000 rpm
Usage
Impreza 98
Legacy/Outback 96~99
Forester 98
EJ251

Flat four EJ251The EJ251 has demonstrated externally leaking head gasket issues on occasion as the engine accumulates mileage over 100,000 miles (160,934.4 km). SOHC Intake volume is calculated by the use of a MAP sensor, unlike the EJ253 which uses a MAF sensor. Compression ratio is 10.0: 1.
Power ISO: 123 kW (165 hp) @ 5600 RPM
226 N·m (167 ft·lbf) @ 4000 rpm
Usage:
Impreza 2.5RS, 2.5TS 00-04 (US)
Impreza Outback Sport 02-04 (US)
Forester 00-04 (US)
Legacy 00-04 (US)
Outback 00-04 (US)
Baja 03-05 (US)
EJ252
SOHC Power ISO 115 kW (156 hp) Usage:
Legacy/Outback 00
Forester 00
EJ253
SOHC - ISO 173 hp (129 kW) @ 5600 rpm, 166 ft·lbf (225 N·m) torque @ 4000 rpm. Intake volume is regulated by use of a MAF sensor, unlike the EJ251 which is regulated by a MAP sensor. I-Active valves (VVL intake side) on 06+ models.
Impreza 99, 05+
Legacy, Outback USA 05+
Forester 99, 05+
Baja 05+
Saab 9-2x Linear 05, 06
EJ254
SOHC 16 valve Power SAE 121 kW (165 hp), 2005–present - 175 hp (130 kW).
Usage:
Impreza RS 02~04
Forester 04
Legacy/Outback 02~04, 05-present
Legacy Lancaster RHD 1999-2003
EJ255
DOHC turbocharged, with sodium-filled valves originally designed for North American market, now sees usage in some European Imprezas and Legacies destined for Australia and South Africa. Power 210-265 hp
Usage in North America:
Impreza: 2006–present
Forester: 2004–present
Legacy/Outback: 2003–present
Baja: 2004 - 2006
Usage in the rest of the world:
Legacy/Outback: 2007–present
Impreza: 2006–present
EJ257
DOHC 16 valve turbo. Originally designed for the North American Impreza STI in 2004 with AVCS and DBW. The same exact shortblock as EJ255 except the EJ255 has a different domed piston vs the EJ257. The heads also have different components. Subaru of America designates the same part numbers for an EJ255 shortblock, and EJ257 shortblock with the exception of the pistons.
Usage:

 

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